INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: Berlin, August 28th-30th, 2010
[policing-crowds.org] The 21st century is witnessing what has been called the "pluralization of policing" (Jones & Newburn, 2006): Private security companies have conquered urban spaces and are developing some expertise in public policing. Current studies claim that the private security industry
will grow further and take over more tasks formerly executed by state
police; at the same time technologies complement and even incur human
security work. State police has also undergone significant changes,
including commercialization, new public management, and
"police-private-partnerships" (Stober 1997).
Alongside these
developments, the police apparatus has trans-nationalized and rigorous
strategies, in particular against transnational protesters, have
reemerged significantly since the early 1990s. Last not least, the
"policing family" (Crawford & Lister, 2004) itself diversified, and we can witness (relatively) new phenomena such as nonprofit organizations deploying long-term unemployed as security forces; Community Wardens or Ambassadors
overseen by the local municipalities; or unpaid volunteers policing
sports events such as the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany. With these
in-law family members the tasks of policing extended into the realm of
the civil society, and the consequences still need to be discussed.
Looking at North America and Europe,
we can observe specific varieties of policing that appear, in a first
sighting, very heterogeneous, but that are, in our perspective, closely
connected. They are shaping a formation we propose to define as the urban security work space,
new in both quality and quantity. This idea is, firstly, guided by the
fact that, at the present time, more than 50 percent of the population
on planet earth lives in urban environments, a highly contested terrain.
Even before 9/11, security underwent a (re)definition and inclusion of
literally everything into the realm of homeland security (US) and homeland defence (EU)
most visible in the German case within the current discourse of
"erweiterter Sicherheitsbegriff" (extended security concept) introduced
in 2000 (BAKS, 2001). Work, in turn, currently is understood as
a gift and a duty at the same time and relates to security in ways that
lead to "the poor policing the poor" (Eick, 2003). Finally, in
neoliberal times space undergoes a transformation that shuffles,
supersedes, and/or substitutes public space with semi-public and private
space, directly affecting urban security work. Our hypothesis:
It is against this background that we want to
discuss the recent situation in Europe and North America. We can
identify three levels of redefinition and rearrangement of the ›urban
security work space‹ that are guiding our conference:
- Public space: The
current crisis might lead to the extension of privately managed urban
space, and/or mixed forms, described as the extension of ›mass private
property‹, such as Shopping Malls and Business Improvement Districts.
By the same token, aggressive policing of (transnational) protest seems
to grow. Our aim here is to discuss how and at which point security nodes are strengthened, loosened, or rearranged – and what might be the consequences for the private policing of public space in particular. - Security:
Competition is increasing and previously outsourced security might in
part be again provided in-house by the former commercial customers while
former state responsibilities might be supplied by rent-a-cops or in public/police private partnerships.
The current crisis might create new opportunity structures for the
security management strategies to fulfill their self-declared goal, the
"peace keeping mission with regard to society" (Lehnert 2009). - Work: Security as work
obviously is not only related to the individual but also directly
linked to labor relations. We want to explore the potentials for workers‘ resistance and union organizing
with regard to the deepening pressures of competition in one of the
classic low-wage sectors. Is there a chance for change, backed by
European Union projects like the Social Dialogue between employers‘ and employees‘ organizations within the private security industry or organizing models?
The conference intends to shed light on these heterogeneous situations in the field of urban security work spaces by bringing together international experts to combine theoretical as well as empirical insights.
